Tens of millions of our nation’s adults lacking the skills or competencies required for success in the workplace and society are not enrolling or persisting in adult education programs. They may be unaware of the services available, feel that their work, family, or community life would not benefit from participating, or have conflicting roles and responsibilities preventing them from taking part in such activities. For those adults who do enroll, few stay in programs long enough to achieve their goals. This section offers guidelines, tools, and strategies for recruiting and retaining adult learners. It also includes research that discusses the reasons for high attrition rates and methods programs have used to increase learner motivation.